How to install solar panels?

 

         Switching to solar energy can help you save on electricity bills and reduce your carbon footprint. While hiring a professional installer has benefits, a DIY solar panel installation is possible and can be a rewarding project. This guide will walk you through the solar panel installation process, discuss essential tools and materials, and provide important security considerations to ensure a successful and safe installation.

  

What Time of the Year to Install Solar Panels?

            PV (photovoltaic) solar panels work best when exposed to ample sunlight. Therefore, the ideal time to install solar panels is ahead of the sunnier months (June and July in the UK). If possible, you should also install your system to take advantage of Spring (March to May).

Doing so will allow you to take advantage of the sunniest stretch of the year until late Autumn in November/December. You’ll have the best chance to charge up your backup battery capacity while also serving your daily electricity needs. In addition, it will give you a jump start on your electricity payback, and you get to assess your solar system’s performance at its peak.

May is the driest month in the UK. With less rain and more light, it offers the best chance of delivering ideal conditions for an outdoor solar installation project. It may be the best junction to get the best of both worlds.

However, solar panels can still generate power in cloudy conditions, making PV installation feasible year-round.

What Security Considerations Do You Need to Take? 

              Like any major DIY project, you must take precautions to ensure your safety, avoid damage to your home or solar panel system, and make the process go smoothly. Consider the following before you get started on your solar panel installation:

• Roof Integrity: Assess your roof’s structural integrity to ensure it can hold your weight and that of the solar power installation.

• Ladder Safety: Use a sturdy metal extension ladder and secure it properly to avoid falls.

• Personal Protective Equipment: Wear safety goggles, gloves, and work boots for protection. Your gear must protect you from electrical hazards, chemicals, and sharp objects.

• Work With Care: Exercise caution when walking on the roof and avoid working during unfavourable weather conditions.

• Electrical Safety: Be mindful of electrical components and follow safety guidelines when wiring.

• Weather Conditions: Make sure to check the weather every day to avoid working in rain, snow, excessive heat, or heavy winds.

         Finally, make sure that you have the appropriate experience, skills, and tools to carry out all components of the project. If possible, avoid working alone in the event of an emergency or accident.

What Tools and Materials Will You Need?

          To ensure a smooth installation, you’ll require the following essential tools, devices, and materials:

• Solar Panels: Choose high-quality photovoltaic panels compatible with your solar panel setup.
  
  
• Solar Panel Mounts: Sturdy mounts to secure the panels to the roof or ground.
  
  
• Battery: To store excess energy generated during the day for use at night.
  
  
• Inverter: Converts direct current from the panels into usable alternating current for appliances.
  
  
• Electrical Wiring: Cables and connectors to connect the solar panels and battery to the inverter.
  
  
• Measuring Tools: Level, measuring tape, and metal square for precise installation.
  
  
• Screwdriver, Drill, and Caulk Gun: To fix mounts and panels securely.
  
  
• Safety Equipment: Harnesses, anchors, and safety goggles for added protection.
  
  
• Other tools you may need:
  
  1. Wire stripper and cutter
  
  2. Carpenter’s knife
  
  3. Saw
  
  4. Conduit bender
  
  5. Digital Multimeter (energy meter)

Solar Panel Installation Process Step by Step

          No two solar panel projects will be exactly the same. Everyone may need to take a unique approach based on their home, type of solar panel system (size, specs, model), budget, and geo-location.

While you should expect unforeseen challenges, these are the basic steps involved in almost any solar panel installation. Proper planning and assessment of your situation are key to success. Also, your solar panel company should provide an installation guide, so be sure to follow it.

           1. Gather Solar Power Components

Before installing, gather all solar power components, including the solar panels, mounts, inverter, battery, and electrical wiring. Ensure that everything is compatible and works together.

           2. Install Solar Panel Mounts

Secure the solar panel mounts to your roof or the ground, depending on your setup. Ensure that the mounts are fastened securely to withstand harsh weather conditions.

           3. Install the Solar Panels

Place the solar panels onto the mounts and fix them in place. Make sure they are properly attached and facing the optimal direction to receive maximum sun exposure.

          4. Fix the Electrical Wiring

Connect the solar panels to the inverter using appropriate electrical wiring. Follow the manufacturer's guidelines to ensure a safe and efficient connection. In the UK, it’s also required by law that you install a DC isolator. Depending on your system, it will either be integrated into or separate but attached to the inverter.

          5. Set up an Inverter

Install the inverter near the battery and connect it to the battery system. The inverter will convert the direct current generated by the panels into usable alternating current.

          6. Connect Solar Panels and Battery

Ensure that the solar panels and battery are properly connected to the inverter. Double-check the connections to prevent any electrical issues.

          7. Bond Inverter to the Consumer Unit

Properly bond the inverter to the consumer unit to ensure that the solar power generated is integrated seamlessly into your home's electrical system.

          8. Start Solar Panels

After completing the installation, switch on the solar panels and monitor the energy generation. Make adjustments as needed to maximise efficiency.

When to Call a Professional? 

          While a DIY solar panel installation can be rewarding, there are instances when calling a professional installer is required. Seeking expert help is the recommended course of action if:

• You have a lack of technical knowledge.
  
  
• You have safety concerns.
  
  
• There is complex electrical work or technology involved.
  
  
• You need to follow local regulations or get a permit.
  
  
• Your solar panel system warranty becomes void if not installed by a professional.
  
  
• It’s too time-consuming for your availability.
  
  
• You want to take advantage of a professional maintenance package.
  
  
• You have unique design or grid requirements.
  
  
• Custom construction is needed.

Summary

         The installation of solar panels can be a cost-effective and environmentally sustainable investment to generate pure electricity. By obtaining the appropriate tools and materials, following this step-by-step guide, and considering safety measures, you can successfully set up solar panels for your home. 

However, don't hesitate to seek professional assistance in more challenging situations to ensure a smooth and efficient installation process.